https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20744 2t concentration were assessed. The experimental procedure was repeated with the remaining supplement after a 3-wk washout. Eight participants completed both supplementation trials. Results: NAC improved sprint performance during the cycle ergometer race simulation (P < 0.001, η_p² = 0.03). Supplementation with NAC also augmented postexercise plasma total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.005, η_p² = 0.19), reduced exercise-induced oxidative damage (plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, P = 0.002, η_p² = 0.22; urinary 15-isoprostane F_2t concentration, P = 0.010, η_p² = 0.431), attenuated inflammation (plasma interleukin 6, P = 0.002, η_p² = 0.22; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, P = 0.012, η_p² = 0.17), and increased postexercise nuclear factor κB activity (P < 0.001, η_p² = 0.21). Conclusion: Oral NAC supplementation improved cycling performance via an improved redox balance and promoted adaptive processes in well-trained athletes undergoing strenuous physical training.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:00:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21337 in vitro. Objective: We sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which ß-agonists exert anti-inflammatory effects in allergen-driven and rhinovirus 1B-exacerbated allergic airways disease (AAD). Methods: Mice were sensitized and then challenged with house dust mite to induce AAD while receiving treatment with salmeterol, formoterol, or salbutamol. Mice were also infected with rhinovirus 1B to exacerbate lung inflammation and therapeutically administered salmeterol, dexamethasone, or the PP2A-activating drug (S)-2-amino-4-(4-[heptyloxy]phenyl)-2-methylbutan-1-ol (AAL[S]). Results: Systemic or intranasal administration of salmeterol protected against the development of allergen- and rhinovirus-induced airway hyperreactivity and decreased eosinophil recruitment to the lungs as effectively as dexamethasone. Formoterol and salbutamol also showed anti-inflammatory properties. Salmeterol, but not dexamethasone, increased PP2A activity, which reduced CCL11, CCL20, and CXCL2 expression and reduced levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and active nuclear factor κB subunits in the lungs. The anti-inflammatory effect of salmeterol was blocked by targeting the catalytic subunit of PP2A with small RNA interference. Conversely, increasing PP2A activity with AAL(S) abolished rhinovirus-induced airway hyperreactivity, eosinophil influx, and CCL11, CCL20, and CXCL2 expression. Salmeterol also directly activated immunoprecipitated PP2A in vitro isolated from human airway epithelial cells. Conclusions: Salmeterol exerts anti-inflammatory effects by increasing PP2A activity in AAD and rhinovirus-induced lung inflammation, which might potentially account for some of its clinical benefits.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:52:49 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28359 in vivo in the absence of allergen. Post hoc analysis of gene array data demonstrated significant upregulation of TRAIL and MID1 in a cohort of children with EoE compared with that seen in controls. Conclusion TRAIL regulates MID1 and TSLP, inflammation, fibrosis, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and expression of inflammatory effector chemokines and cytokines in experimental EoE.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:25:13 AEDT ]]>